Sunday, December 12, 2021

How To Grow Hydroponic Avocado For Beginners | Constant Delights

How To Grow Hydroponic Avocado For Beginners

Hydroponic avocado has been proven feasible countless times, from a surprisingly fun houseplant to a clever way to grow vegetables in areas threatened by extreme weather.

This soilless cultivation technique has some inherent limitations, especially when it comes to a large, fruit-bearing tree that typically requires well-aerated soils like avocado.

But there is still plenty of merit for growing avocados without soil, either in a commercial or a DIY hydroponic system.
How To Start An Avocado Tree Hydroponically

The Ultimate Guide to Hydroponic Gardening
1) Tools & How to set up your garden
2) Different hydroponic systems
3) Best plants to grow hydroponically

Contents [show]
What You Need

An advantage of avocado is that you don’t need to purchase expensive genetically engineered seeds. A leftover pit is already enough for you to start a small gardening project.
Prepare the seed

First of all, you will need to coax this hard seed to crack and sprout. While the sprouting process is simple and similar for different cultivars, it could be a long haul and take several weeks.

“Avocado on hydroponics” by Jungle Garden is licensed under CC BY 2.0

You have to pay close attention to an essential requirement for optimum sprouting potential: the pit should come from ripe avocado fruits, and it shouldn’t be damaged or spoiled in any way.

Remove the seed from the avocado and gently rinse it in lukewarm water to get rid of any remaining flesh.
When there are still stubborn bits of residue sticking to it, soak the seed for 10 or so minutes so the flesh could soften up. Don’t scrub hard and damage the brown covering of the seed.
Let the seed dry on paper towels for 2 days, then peel away the aril.

Note: Do everything with care, as a spoiled pit will have little chance of sprouting and growing into an avocado tree.

From a seed to an avocado, the easy and fastest way to grow one!

Determine the top and bottom of the seed

Figure out which end is the bottom and which is the top of your avocado pit. The end going up is where the stem will break and emerge, while the roots will grow from the bottom of the pit.

Some pits may shape like a sphere, whereas others are slightly oblong. But most of the time, the flatter end is the bottom end, and the top is slightly pointier.

The way the avocado seed sits inside the fruit could also give you an essential clue since the top end is near the fruit’s stem end.

Pierce the seed with some toothpicks

Grab 3 or 4 toothpicks and insert them around the outer edge of the pit to suspend them in the glass of water.
Push the toothpicks firmly into the seed, far enough to support its weight. Angle them slightly downward with equal distance between them. They have to be perpendicular to the seed when it’s held upright.

Alternative method

Hanging an avocado seed using toothpicks is the most common method. But it’s a little tricky for beginners, who may even damage the seed after many failed attempts.

Gardeners also need to check the seed regularly to ensure the toothpicks are still intact and keep the seed partially submerged.

A small plastic device called an “avocado tree growing kit” or “avocado seed holder.” It’s a floating bowl with a hole in the middle, which is large enough to keep the seed sufficiently wet all the time.

You would have to order one bowl like that for each avocado seed, and the cost could add up quickly. But it’s still an excellent choice for novice gardeners who have never grown avocado from a pit before.

Position the seed in water

The whole point of the seedling phase is to keep the bottom of the avocado seed moist at all times.

“Avocado seed in water” by leenient is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

Hang the seed on top of a small-mouthed jar or a regular drinking glass using the toothpicks as a scaffold. Fill water into this container.
The toothpicks should rest on the container’s rim, and water should cover about one-quarter of the avocado seed.
Repeat this step for each seed, ensuring that each has its glass and the bottom end is submerged correctly.

Place the seed in sunlight and wait

Place the containers in a bright and warm spot that isn’t prone to direct sunlight.
The sprouting process could take weeks, and a substantial amount of water could evaporate during the period. Check the containers and replenish the water over time as needed. You will also want to change the water when it becomes cloudy.
A small root should emerge from the bottom after a few weeks. A shoot should appear at the top of the seed not much later after that point as well. This small shoot is where leaves will form and grow. Maintain the water level to help the roots survive.
Discard any seeds that don’t crack and sprout within three months. Replace them with fresh seeds in the same containers.

Transplant the seed into the hydroponic system

When the stems reach about 6 inches tall, cut them in half. The purpose is to make the avocado plant branch and bushy.
When they grow to 6 inches again, transplant them into a proper hydroponic system so you can have more control over growing conditions.

How to Select Avocado Varieties for Hydroponics?

Some popular commercial avocado varieties can be transferred into and grown in a hydroponic system, including Lila, Brazos Belle, Bacon, Mexicola Grande, Lula, and Hass (the most popular cultivar of avocado).

“starr-130504-4349-Persea_americana-Little_Cado_habit-Hawea_Pl_Olinda-Maui” by Starr Environmental is licensed under CC BY 2.0

If you intend to grow avocado indoors in the long term, consider dwarf varieties like Little Cado, Reed, Gwen, Lamb Hass, and Wurtz. These dwarf avocado trees usually require only 10 to 15 feet of vertical space.

What Hydroponics System Works Best for Avocado?

Deep water culture (DWC) is the most suitable method among popular hydroponic systems for optimal growth.

It doesn’t require costly investment like commercial products and can provide more water for big trees like avocados than wick systems. DWC is also an easy method to pick up, even for those just getting the first taste of hydroponic gardening.

“DWC 3 Bin Setup” by kierkier is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

There are many off-the-shelf systems from different manufacturers that can grow a hydroponic avocado tree from seed. Many DIYers have successfully built a deep water culture system from household items, such as a broken shop.

Ideal Conditions for Hydroponic Avocado

Light

Avocado trees thrive in intense, bright light. They will survive some shade, but for the best results, put your hydroponic avocado in the sunniest spot you have.

Remember that this only applies after the roots and first leaves have emerged from the seed. Keep the seed out of direct sunlight until it sprouts completely.

Water

Bear in mind that avocados require a lot of water (a healthy tree may need 3 times more water than apples, for example.) Replenish it if the water level isn’t enough to submerge the roots.

Regularly clean the reservoir or bucket DWC as well to make sure there is no salt formation.
Temperature

As a subtropical plant, avocados prefer warm temperatures, ideally for most 68 to 75°F. Some cold-hardy varieties can survive 20°F and colder climates with some leaf damage and slow fruit growth.
pH

Avocado trees grow best at 5-7pH. They are sensitive to and will suffer when the pH level goes beyond 7, compromising zinc and iron uptake.

Using test strips or digital pH meters to detect any problem with the pH for avocado trees. Commercial “pH up” and “pH down” products are the easiest way to control pH levels in a simple deep water culture system.

See also 19 DIY Hydroponic Plans You Can Easily Set Up

Digital pH controllers are more expensive, but they offer more accurate and reliable results.
Fertilizer

Avocados grow well with fertilizers made for citrus trees. Nitrogen is one of the most critical nutrients for avocados, but too much of it can burn the shallow roots.
Source

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N-P-K) avocado fertilizer ratio should be 2:1:1. Always prefer using hydroponic nutrients over regular soil fertilizers.
Plant Spacing

Most mature avocado trees need a lot of vertical space, except dwarf varieties. Be prepared to relocate the containers every few months to accommodate the grown branches and leaves.

How Long Does It Take For Avocados to Grow?

An avocado pit usually needs from 2 to 6 weeks to sprout. After that, it may take another 10 or 15 years to bear fruit.

Hass Avocados, the most common cultivar, typically grow into a height of 15-20 feet after 3 or 4 years. But some varieties grow much faster, reaching 40 or even 60 feet within the same time.
How Often Do Avocado Trees Produce Fruit?

Growing avocado from a pit (non-grafted), you may have to wait for 10 years, or even 15 years, before the tree begins to bear fruit.

Many cultivars also yield a crop of fruit every other year. This “biennial fruiting” means producing a heavy set of fruit (up to 200 or 300 per tree) one year and a much lighter crop in the successive year.

Frequently Ask Questions (FAQ)

Can you grow avocados in just water?

Growing avocados in just water is not recommended. It would take weeks or even months of careful, light watering to get even one seed to germinate. That high level of care required makes it impractical for most people.

What temperature is too hot for avocado trees?

Avocado trees, like most other fruit trees, need 70°F – 80°F temperatures to grow properly. The ideal temperature for these tropical plants is about 76.5°F.

The plant’s root system will adapt to the surrounding climate (elevation and/or latitude), but the optimal temperature range is 65°- 90° F (18°-32 °C) for avocado trees’ flowers and fruit to mature properly.

The rule of thumb is you should leave it at least 5 degrees cooler than your nighttime temperature.

The Ultimate Guide to Hydroponic Gardening
1) Tools & How to set up your garden
2) Different hydroponic systems
3) Best plants to grow hydroponically

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Conclusion

Commercially, growing avocado hydroponically is less popular than traditional farming, but there are many reasons why gardeners, even beginners, try this soilless method.

It’s always a fun experiment and helps you pick up some vital gardening skills, whether you want to grow avocado completely indoors as a decorative houseplant or nature your hydroponic avocado in an outdoor system.

CategoriesGarden General, HydroponicPost navigation
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Jill Sandy
I am a sustainable focus gardener. I love decorating my home backyard with beautiful landscape design and creative garden care techniques I develop myself.

Saturday, December 4, 2021

Aquaponic farming: harnessing natural processes for an urban circular economy

Aquaponic farming: harnessing natural processes for an urban circular economy

Aquaponic farming: harnessing natural processes for an urban circular economy

September 18, 2019 2.49am AEST

Authors

Paul Wolf

PhD Candidate - Chair of Environment and Economics ••• Member of Deloitte-Chair "Circular Economy", ESCP Business School

Sylvie Geisendorf

Professor of Environment and Economics, Member of Deloitte-Chair "Circular Economy", ESCP Business School

Rendering of the ECF Farmsystems facility in Berlin, Germany. Author provided

This article was co-written with Alexis Figeac.

The term waste describes materials or products that are no longer of use. In a linear economy, it accumulates as an undesired by-product of economic activity. Waste and environmental hazards are commonplace throughout the current industrialized food system. Although some initiatives have been aiming to reduce waste toward the end stage – for example, by changing consumer perceptions and matching excess supply with demand – significant progress needs to be made during food production. Where do we start?

Redesigning production and consumption

One idea that has been growing in both research and practice is the circular economy, which sees value in “waste” flows and re-routes them back into the economic process. A striking example of a circular-economy business model in action is aquaponics, which combines elements of aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponics (plant farming with controlled systems). It allows a single producer to sustainably grow produce and raise fish within the local community.

While traditional aquaculture is performed in structures within a natural environment, aquaponics adopts the circular-symbiosis approach, where the biological waste of a fish farm is harmonised to be the biological food for the production of plants such as herbs, salads and tomatoes. Compared to traditional industrial farming operations, where circularity might be added at the end (for example, compost), aquaponics employs a circular production design by leveraging nature’s template. This is a balancing act to technologically control two separate but dependent biological systems, which improves the productivity of the physical space – in this case an urban environment – while reducing environmental impacts.

Aquaponic firms leading the way include ECF Farmsystems and Stadtfarm in Berlin, BIGH Farm in Anderlecht, Urban Smart Farm in Gent and Bioaqua Farm in Blackford, United Kingdom. They’re among a growing number of urban-farming pioneers that challenge the way we perceive, produce, and purchase our food.

A better solution

How these benefits are derived can best be understood by a comparison with traditional aquaculture systems. In these cases, fish produces high levels of nitrates and phosphorus, which must be purged from the system and replaced with fresh water to maintain healthy living conditions. However, by flushing this nutrient-rich fish wastewater into the environment, ecosystems may be damaged by eutrophication. In urban environments, it imposes costs for treatment through municipal sewage systems. Furthermore, these same nutrients are required for plant cultivation – and in the case of nitrates – they are commonly derived in an industrial process that requires significant quantities of methane gas, must be shipped to the farm, and are often (over)applied to crops.

An aquaponics system takes the would-be waste output of highly nutrient water and delivers it directly to plants, cleaning it and reducing this dependence on added fertilizer. The water is maintained in the system, continuously circulates and is cleaned mechanically and biologically. It effectively reduces water needs – advanced aquaponics systems achieve up to 90% higher water efficiency than traditional field farming – as well as reducing the dependency on fossil fuel for transportation, because production is close to the markets for the final food products.

“Food miles” are not only a contributor to GHG-emissions but they are also part of a phenomenon of anonymization of food production, detaching the consumer from its source. Sustainable urban farming through aquaponics thus brings food production closer to its consumers. While urban farming is primarily a source of plant-based fibre, vitamins and minerals, aquaponics is able to deliver the missing dietary link, animal protein. Indeed, aquaculture is far more efficient and practical in this respect than other forms of livestock breeding in urban environments. Furthermore, it has the added social benefit of bringing advanced farming jobs to urban areas.

Challenges of aquaponics

Thus far, aquaponics businesses operate in a vague policy environment that falls under both aquaculture and agriculture, resulting in a web of bureaucracy. At the EU level, aquaponics is not regulated as a distinct sector, and regulations are therefore less than ideal. This filters down to the local level, where major challenges faced by aquaponic operations concerning zoning, planning and permissioning. Surprisingly, ECF had struggled to have its greenhouses approved on what is currently an industrial sector – there are rigid definitions of what industry, agriculture and food production are, limiting the integration of such innovative concepts.

Furthermore, to assess the sustainability of any process, one must consider all inputs and outputs. For aquaponics, while there is potential for significant environmental benefits, a major challenge is obtaining sustainable fish feed. Most is derived from soy or animal products with significant environmental impacts themselves. Furthermore, some feed components aren’t ones that the fish species would find in its natural environment and thus aren’t needed. Developments in insect-based feedstock might be a solution to many environmental concerns.

Moving beyond a niche market

Despite these challenges, ECF and other aquaponics advocates, believing in substantial benefits for society, continue to expand and seek out regulatory changes, signalling hope for the new market.

The concept of aquaponics provides insights into how circularity could be approached and ease the challenges of global population growth – with a need for sustainable food, free of herbicides, pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, and microplastics, that considers urbanization, food transportation, clean water scarcity, and environmental hazards related to traditional farming, eutrophication and carbon emissions in particular. Beyond these benefits, urban farming may also help green our concrete jungles and have further environmental and psychological benefits.

Water
Aquaculture
Fish farming
Aquaponics
The Conversation France
Hydroponics

International Nature Farming Convergence

online International Nature Farming Convergence Tickets, Thu, Dec 2, 2021 at 3:30 PM | Eventbrite:

online International Nature Farming Convergence

by Cascadian Natural Farming
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Tickets

Event Information

Reviving the Radical Spirit of Organic Farming,

A Gathering of Great Minds,

Connecting Across Continents,

Creating Space For Balance

About this event

SCHEDULE Pacific Standard Time

December 2nd

3:30 PM Peter Jackson

Welcome Address, Nature Farming History

5PM Steve Diver

Nature Farming Microbial Technologies

6:30PM Lance Hancherow

Fermentation Overview and History

8PM Paul Olivier

Waste Transformation Closed Loop Farming

9:30PM John Mwangi Ndungu

Deep Litter Pig Farming with IMO

December 3rd

3:30PM Joanna Campe

Remineralize the Earth: Creating a Blueprint

5PM Rei Yoon

Farming for Freedom

6:30 PM Gil Carandang

Farming with Nature's Elements of Earth, Water, Wind and Fire...and Microbes

8-11PM Yoshikazu Kawaguchi

True Natural Farming that makes sustainability possible:

In the future, as well as in the present, natural farming will be indispensable for people to live happily, and be asked how to live sincerely as a human being.

=====

December 4th

2:30PM Walter Jehne

The soil-microbial-root interface in the evolution, resilience and future of life on land

4PM Joshua Chua

Fruit-Veggie-Poultry-Fish Cycling Garden for Food Security

5:15PM John Bosco

Natural Poultry and Piggery to Feed the Village

6:30PM Subhash Palekar

Natural Farming and Natural Way of Life: Back to Nature

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8-11PM Round Table Discussion

The focus of this event goes far beyond Nature Farming as a series of recipes, instead bringing in natural philosophy and going back to the traditional roots of farming.

As the world gets increasingly connected by technology, it is also causing cultural amnesia as homogenous forces of consumerism cause the domesticated and industrialized to forget how to live harmoniously in their own ecosystems.

Fermentation as an art form, has largely been forgotten due to the convenience of electricity, and so human microbiomes have suffered.

Microbial based agriculture can help heal the soil, fostering greater ability for human health, empowering us all through food sovereignty.

Nature Farming as a spiritual worldview allows us to remember we are part of the natural world and can foster diversity in our bioregions.

Join Gil Carandang, Subhash Palekar, Yoshikazu Kawaguchi, Rei Yoon, Steve Diver, Joanna Campe, Paul Olivier, Lance Hancherow, John Mwangi Ndungu, and Peter Jackson for discussions related to Nature Farming, Agroecology, Remineralization, Closed Loop Waste Transformation, Fermentation, Biochar, Microbially Augmented Agriculture, and Food Sovereignty. More details at www.cascadiannaturalfarming.org

Tags

Dan Bida　실패한 나의 자연농

Dan Bida

t30c08 Spc3Nov1embero atg g13l:15d

실패한 나의 자연농

땅을 갈지 않고 비료는 고사하고 퇴비도 안주고 비닐을 덮지 않고 혼자 힘으로 맹렬하게 자라는 풀을 손으로 일일이 메면서 농사짓는다는 거 
백 평까지는 아무것도 안하고 매일 아침 밭에 출근해서  저녁에 퇴근하듯 반복하면 어떻게 수확량이 가능하다. 그리고 몇 년하면  밤에 뼈 마디마디 관절 전체가 아프다.  
그 이상은 혼자 생몸으로 오 마이갓..미친 짓이다. 

그럼에도 불구하고 그런 농사를 짓는 이들은 관념이 아니라 몸으로 연기와 공성을 깨친다.
나는 자연농만큼 상호 의존성과 연기를 몸으로 가르치는 수행법을 보지 못했다. 
순환된 것으로 연결된 자에게 무엇을 내것이라 할 만한 실체가 있나. 공성은 자연스레 따라 일어난다. 
----

자연농을 하는 농부에게 밭 한 뙈기는 먹고 사는 생업의 현장이자, 상호 만물이 촘촘히 연결된 우주다. 달의 차고 기움과 황도대를 지나는 태양에 따라 심는 씨앗과 올라오는 풀과 꽃은 연결되어 있다. 거기 기대어 사는 곤충과 새들도 공생의 관계다. 흙 속의 미생물에서 잡초의 나고 스러짐까지 만물이 정묘하고 풍요로운 에너지 장안에 상호 의존하며 연결되어 있다. 씨앗 한 알 조차도 외따로 떨어진 것이 없다. 
꽃 진 자리에 맺힌 씨앗의 꼴에 경탄하고 풍뎅이의 등껍질 색깔과 더듬이에 감탄하고 밀과 밀 사이에 집을 짓고 새끼를 낳는 종달새에 가슴 두근거린다.
그곳은 생명의 신비를 알아가는 학교이자 괴롭거나 외로울 때 기대는 지성소이자 기도처이고, 구할 자리가 어디 딴 곳에 있지 않고 지금 여기 호미끝에 있음을 알게 하는 선방이다.
내게는 자연농으로 짓던 농사가 그런 것이었다. 
---

그런데 결과는 망했다.
그냥 망 한게 아니라 완전 폭망했다. 

천 평 밀 밭은 풀에 완전히 동화되어 자신이 밀인지 풀인지 알 수 없는 존재로 변했다. 
고유의 야생성이 강한 밀 맛을 내었으나 수확량은 형편 없었다.

자연농을 하려면 먹고 사는 문제를 가족중 누군가 한 사람이 책임져야한다. 경제적인 문제에서 농사가 자유로워질 수 있다면 오십 평 미만의 밭에서 시도해 볼만하다. 분명 일반 농사와 다르게 눈에 보이지 않는 삼라만물의 생명에 접속되는 경험을 하게 될 것이다.

자연농을 수십 년 해 온 농부들은 분명 수행자이자 철학자일 것이다.
보고 싶다.내가 어설프게 흉내만 내다 두 손 두 발 다 들고 포기한 길에서 갤럭시같은 눈으로 밭을 보고 있는 농부들의 얼굴들을.

강의 티켓 구입처
https://www.eventbrite.com/.../online-international...

(줌 강의입니다. 영어로 진행됩니다

일본 자연농의 대가 가와구치 선생님의 강의는 영어로 통역이 됩니다.

꼭 영어가 안 되어도 자연농에 관심있는 분들에게는 좋은 공부가 될 것 같네요.)

130崔明淑, 이병철 and 128 others

31 comments

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31 comments

Hyehyung Kim
최고예요와 슬퍼요 사이에서 망설이다... 에잇, 최고예요 쪽으로. ㅎㅎㅎ
4
- Dan Bida
  Hyehyung Kim 역시. 최고에요가 맞는 듯 합니다
  2
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  2 d
Write a reply…
김현지
저도 열심히 하면 저분들과 같은 경지에 오를까요 ㅎㅎ
3
- Dan Bida
  김현지 이미 그 경지에 계시는 분의 겸손한 댓글입니다.
  1
  Like
  Reply
  2 d
- 김현지
  정연희 아이고 아닙니다~ 농사 짓는게 그저 즐겁기는 하지만요^^~~~
  1
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  1 d
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최준열
화분이 자연농입니다
화분은 퇴비를 안줘도 물만주고도 잘 크구요 풀도 나지 않습니다
밭을 화분형태로 만들면 됩니다
외국의 유기농,자연농은 한국과 토질과 기후가 달라 한국에서는 통하지 않습니다
2
- Dan Bida
  최준열 상자텃밭도 하나의 좋은 방법이라는 말씀에 동의합니다.
  1
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  2 d
- 최준열
  정연희 쿠바식 유기농이 그런식인데요 힘들고 많이 할수도 없습니다
  밭에 보리를 점파 함 땅이 150cm까지 뚫립니다
  글구 물만 주면 됩니다
  단 참깨는 물이 필요하지 않습니다
  1
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  2 d
  Edited
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Sunhwa Lee
정말...만나고 싶으네요.
1
- Dan Bida
  Sunhwa Lee https://www.eventbrite.com/.../online-international...
  EVENTBRITE.COM
  online International Nature Farming Convergence
  online International Nature Farming Convergence
  1
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  2 d
- Sunhwa Lee
  정연희 다 못알아들어도 느낌 아니까 신청하면 되려나요?
  Like
  Reply
  2 d
- Dan Bida
  Sunhwa Lee
- Sunhwa Lee
  정연희 ㅎㅎ네. 나중에 진주가면 추가 해석 알려주시리라 믿고 ㅋ 신청해볼게용.
  Like
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  2 d
Write a reply…
이경희
혹시 유튭으로도 녹화되는지요?
1
- Dan Bida
  이율 안될 겁니다. 짤막하겐만
  Like
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  2 d
- 이경희
  정연희 아, 그렇군요.
  Like
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  2 d
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HS Lee
샘. 퍼머컬처 농사를 고려하시면… 그럼 풀에 지지 않고.. 자연에 도움 받으며 지을 수 있어요. 첫해 풀멀칭 잘하고, 다년생 3/2심고 일년생 돌보면 두 해째부터는 설렁설렁해도 괜찮더라구요.
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- Dan Bida
  HS Lee 네 블럭이나 나무로 밭을 디자인해 상자텃밭을 만들어 다년생 작물을 적절히 이용하는 방법도 좋지요. 50평 이상은 좀 버겁고요. 저는 텃밭이 아니라 천 평에 밀과 콩이라는 단일 작물을 생계형으로 시도했는데 풀을 매주지 않아 대망한 케이스입니다.
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Kyung Hee Kim
상자텃밭을 요즘 권하던데... 몇분 하는걸 보니 해볼만해요.
내년에는 나도....
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- Dan Bida
  김경희 네 조그맣게 하시면 재미있게 하실 수 있을거에요
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Lila Ko
그저 입이 떡 벌어져서 다물어지지 않습니다. 대단하신 분들!
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- Dan Bida
  Lila Ko 그쵸 그저 존경스러운 마음만
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- Lila Ko
  정연희 연희샘도 포함입니다. 대단하십니다. 에너지를 얻어요!
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Rei Yoon
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- Dan Bida
  Rei Yoon 선생님 감사해요.. 선생님 덕분에 좋은 정보를 알게 되었습니다.
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- Rei Yoon
  Dan Bida 진솔하고 감동적인 글 잘 읽었습니다. 또 저희 행사를 소개해주셔서 감사합니다. 말씀대로 자연농은 개인이 완성되는 길 가운데 하나라 생각합니다. 또한 사람과 자연의 화해의 길이라 믿기에 치악산 아래서 열정을 불태우고 있습니다^^
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Tai Kim
Maximum respect! _(())_
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- Dan Bida
  Tai Kim 농사가 도가 되는 최고 경지이지 싶어요. 물론 온 몸을 갈아넣는 고된 노동과 근면함이 선행되어야 하는 것은 말항 것도 없고요. 타이도 뭔가를 키워보세요. 생의 기쁨을 느낄 수 있을 거에요
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- Tai Kim
  저는 절의 채마밭에서 몸이 상태를 보아가메. 울력을 종종해서 비다님의 마음을 손톱만큼압니다. 그리고 저는 집에 화초 친구들이 많습니다. 고맙습니다. 언제나 글도 생식도 사진들도 모두. _(())_
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Jyun Kim
자연농 밀농사 하시는 분들께 조언을 구하는건 어떨까요? 페친중에 몇분 계세요
Jaeyun Chung
도움이 되실 이들에게 공유합니다. 정보 고맙습니다_()_